# configuration/reason/data/technique.data.json > 149 lines of code and 0 definitions. Tree: GovLab Context Language: json Layer: domain Canonical: https://banes-lab.com/anatomy/context#file-context-configuration-reason-data-technique-data-json Source text: https://banes-lab.com/source/context/configuration/reason/data/technique.data.json.txt Listed in [configuration/reason/data](https://banes-lab.com/api/source/context/configuration/reason/data.md), after [configuration/reason/data/surface.data.json](https://banes-lab.com/source/context/configuration/reason/data/surface.data.json.md). ## Contained in - [configuration/reason/data](https://banes-lab.com/anatomy/context/folder-context-configuration-reason-data.md) ## Source ```json { "check": { "by": ["the test surfaces that list the technique, whose predicates decide what a run of the technique shows"], "population": "every surface that lists the technique, and the code those surfaces cover", "freshness": "a verdict stands until the technique, a surface that lists it or the covered code changes", "refusal": "the gate fails a surface that lists an unknown technique, and a technique that states no way it fails", "observation": "the technique's own runs, which locate failures; its fails field names the way it goes silent", "evidence": "fires-and-accepts: one suite plants a surface that lists an unknown technique, another plants a technique that states no way it fails, and the bundled data validates clean", "authority": "the technique record, which every surface that lists it cites" }, "records": [ { "id": "static-analysis", "mode": "observation", "principle": "Reads structure and types for defects before execution", "principleRef": "static-analysis", "fails": "Reports nothing when its rule never visits the construct, as with a misspelled visitor key" }, { "id": "unit-testing", "mode": "comparison", "principle": "Compares observed with expected results on an isolated unit", "fails": "Passes when the doubles that isolate the unit no longer behave like the real collaborators" }, { "id": "integration-testing", "mode": "comparison", "principle": "Compares observed with expected results across cooperating parts", "fails": "Passes on an environment that differs from production in the part that fails" }, { "id": "end-to-end-testing", "mode": "comparison", "principle": "Compares observed with expected results on the whole system", "fails": "Is retried until it passes, so an intermittent failure is read as noise" }, { "id": "property-based-testing", "mode": "classification", "principle": "Asserts that an invariant holds across a generated input space", "principleRef": "property-based-testing", "fails": "Passes when the generator never produces the inputs that break the property" }, { "id": "differential-testing", "mode": "comparison", "principle": "Compares observed results with a reference implementation, the oracle", "fails": "Passes when the reference implementation shares the defect" }, { "id": "contract-testing", "mode": "comparison", "principle": "Compares an observed interface with an agreed contract", "fails": "Passes against a copy of the contract that drifted from the one the provider serves" }, { "id": "runtime-validation", "mode": "observation", "principle": "Checks boundary data against its declared shape at runtime", "fails": "Never runs on a path that reaches the core without crossing the boundary" }, { "id": "assertion-checking", "mode": "comparison", "principle": "Checks a runtime condition against an assumed invariant", "fails": "Is compiled out or disabled in the build that runs in production" }, { "id": "fuzz-testing", "mode": "creation", "principle": "Generates adversarial inputs to provoke unhandled failures", "fails": "Stops before the generated inputs reach the failing region, and the run reports no crash" }, { "id": "load-testing", "mode": "prediction", "principle": "Projects behavior under expected demand", "fails": "Runs a workload shaped unlike real demand" }, { "id": "stress-testing", "mode": "prediction", "principle": "Projects behavior past its limits to expose timing and ordering defects", "fails": "Ends at a limit below the one production reaches" }, { "id": "profiling", "mode": "observation", "principle": "Measures the distribution of execution cost", "principleRef": "profiling", "fails": "Samples too coarsely to see a short, frequent cost" }, { "id": "heap-analysis", "mode": "observation", "principle": "Measures allocation and retention over time", "fails": "Measures a run too short for retention to show" }, { "id": "tracing", "mode": "description", "principle": "Describes the runtime flow across components", "fails": "Loses spans at an uninstrumented hop, and the trace reads as complete" }, { "id": "fault-injection", "mode": "intervention", "principle": "Induces a failure and observes the response", "fails": "Injects only the faults the developer anticipated" }, { "id": "chaos-testing", "mode": "intervention", "principle": "Induces random failures and observes how the system recovers", "fails": "Runs where the dependency that fails in production is absent" }, { "id": "model-checking", "mode": "explanation", "principle": "Proves that a property holds across the reachable state space", "fails": "Proves the model while the code drifts away from it" }, { "id": "deterministic-replay", "mode": "reflection", "principle": "Reproduces a run to isolate a non-deterministic cause", "fails": "Replays a recording that left out the source of the non-determinism" }, { "id": "monitoring", "mode": "observation", "principle": "Observes live behavior for deviations from normal", "principleRef": "monitoring", "fails": "Reports no deviation because the signal it watches was never emitted" }, { "id": "mutation-testing", "mode": "intervention", "principle": "Introduces a deliberate defect and checks that the tests or the rule report it", "fails": "Counts a mutant as caught by a test that fails for an unrelated reason" }, { "id": "read-after-write-verification", "mode": "comparison", "principle": "Reads back what was written and compares it with what was meant to be written", "fails": "Reads from a cache or a buffer instead of the store the write reached" } ] } ```