# Transactions / State / Concurrency > Every principle in this category is listed as a record. Page: Ontology ยท Principles Canonical: https://banes-lab.com/ontology#arch-category-transactions-state-concurrency Every principle in this category is listed as a record. Each record carries its kind, its severity, the scopes it applies at and the layer it lives in, then the edge relations that join it to other records, the records that point back at it, the contracts that answer to it and the tensions it takes part in. The descriptors say how it is violated, detected, measured, repaired and enforced. Where the record carries one, an exemplar shows the shape before and after the principle is applied. Relations diagram The relations inside this category. ```mermaid flowchart LR n_idempotency["Idempotency"] n_atomicity["Atomicity"] n_acid["ACID"] n_transaction_boundary["Transaction Boundary"] n_unit_of_work_pattern["Unit of Work Pattern"] n_consistency["Consistency"] n_isolation["Isolation"] n_concurrency_control["Concurrency Control"] n_optimistic_locking["Optimistic Locking"] n_pessimistic_locking["Pessimistic Locking"] n_state_isolation["State Isolation"] n_controlled_side_effects["Controlled Side Effects"] n_petri_nets["Petri Nets"] n_atomicity --> n_transaction_boundary n_atomicity --> n_consistency n_acid --> n_atomicity n_acid --> n_consistency n_acid --> n_isolation n_transaction_boundary --> n_atomicity n_transaction_boundary --> n_unit_of_work_pattern n_unit_of_work_pattern --> n_transaction_boundary n_unit_of_work_pattern --> n_atomicity n_unit_of_work_pattern --> n_consistency n_isolation --> n_concurrency_control n_concurrency_control --> n_isolation n_optimistic_locking --> n_concurrency_control n_pessimistic_locking --> n_isolation ``` ### Idempotency - Kind: [principle](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/principle.md) - Severity: mandatory - Scope: API, command, message handler - Layer: [Atomic Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/layer/atomic-boundary.md) Details Requires [Idempotency Key or Deterministic Operation](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/idempotency-key-or-deterministic-operation.md) Reinforces [Retry Safety](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/retry-safety.md), [Event-Driven Architecture](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/event-driven-architecture.md) Enables [Safe Retries](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/safe-retries.md) In tension with [State Tracking](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/state-tracking.md) Conflicts with [Non-Repeatable Side Effects](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/non-repeatable-side-effects.md) Referenced by [Retry Pattern](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/retry-pattern.md), [Event-Driven Architecture](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/event-driven-architecture.md), [Eventual Consistency](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/eventual-consistency.md), [Saga Pattern](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/saga-pattern.md), [Canonicalization](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/canonicalization.md) Tensions [Idempotency State Tracking](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/idempotency-state-tracking.md) Violated by duplicate charges/orders/messages on retry Detected by side-effectful handlers without deduplication Measured by duplicate-effect defect rate Refactored by Add Idempotency Key, Add Dedup Store Enforced by retry tests, API policy Before ```typescript app.post("/foo", async request => fooStore.create(await request.json())); ``` After ```typescript app.post("/foo", async request => { const key = requireHeader(request, "Idempotency-Key"); const body = await request.json(); return idempotency.execute(key, () => fooStore.create(body)); }); ``` ### Atomicity - Kind: [principle](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/principle.md) - Severity: mandatory - Scope: transaction, operation, workflow - Layer: [Atomic Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/layer/atomic-boundary.md) Details Requires [Transaction Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/transaction-boundary.md) Reinforces [Consistency](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/consistency.md), [Correctness](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/correctness.md) Enables [All-or-Nothing State Change](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/all-or-nothing-state-change.md) In tension with [Distributed Scalability](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/distributed-scalability.md) Conflicts with [Partial Commit](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/partial-commit.md) Referenced by [ACID](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/acid.md), [Transaction Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/transaction-boundary.md), [Unit of Work Pattern](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/unit-of-work-pattern.md) Tensions [Atomicity Distributed Scalability](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/atomicity-distributed-scalability.md) Violated by partial updates after failure Detected by multi-step writes without transaction/compensation Measured by partial failure rate Refactored by Add Transaction, Add Saga/Compensation Enforced by transaction tests Before ```typescript await fooStore.remove(from, foo.id); await fooStore.add(to, foo.id); ``` After ```typescript await database.transaction(async tx => { await tx.foos.remove(from, foo.id); await tx.foos.add(to, foo.id); }); ``` ### ACID - Kind: [model](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/model.md) - Severity: contextual - Scope: database, transaction - Layer: [Atomic Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/layer/atomic-boundary.md) Details Requires [Atomicity](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/atomicity.md), [Consistency](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/consistency.md), [Isolation](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/isolation.md), [Durability](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/durability.md) Reinforces [Correctness](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/correctness.md) Enables [Strong Transactional Guarantees](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/strong-transactional-guarantees.md) In tension with [Distributed Availability](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/distributed-availability.md), [BASE/Eventual Consistency](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/base-eventual-consistency.md) Conflicts with none Tensions [ACID Distributed Availability](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/acid-distributed-availability.md), [ACID BASE/Eventual Consistency](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/acid-base-eventual-consistency.md) Violated by inconsistent transactional boundaries Detected by non-transactional multi-write invariants Measured by transactional invariant defects Refactored by Define Transaction Boundary, Add Constraints Enforced by DB transactions, isolation tests Before ```typescript await fooDb.write(foo); await barDb.write(bar); ``` After ```typescript await database.transaction({ isolation: "serializable" }, async tx => { await tx.foos.save(foo); await tx.bars.save(bar); assertInvariant(foo, bar); }); ``` ### Transaction Boundary - Kind: [constraint](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/constraint.md) - Severity: mandatory - Scope: unit of work, aggregate, service - Layer: [Atomic Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/layer/atomic-boundary.md) Details Requires [Consistency Rules](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/consistency-rules.md) Reinforces [Atomicity](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/atomicity.md), [Unit of Work Pattern](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/unit-of-work-pattern.md) Enables [Safe State Mutation](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/safe-state-mutation.md) In tension with [Large Transaction Scope](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/large-transaction-scope.md) Conflicts with [Hidden Distributed Transaction](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/hidden-distributed-transaction.md) Referenced by [Atomicity](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/atomicity.md), [Unit of Work Pattern](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/unit-of-work-pattern.md) Contracts [Transaction Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/algo/transaction-boundary.md) Tensions [Transaction Boundary Large Transaction Scope](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/large-transaction-scope-transaction-boundary.md) Violated by spanning transactions across service boundaries Detected by transaction scope leakage Measured by transaction size/duration Refactored by Shrink Boundary, Add Saga Enforced by transaction policy Before ```typescript await beginTransaction(); await controller.parse(request); await service.validate(foo); await repository.save(foo); await commitTransaction(); ``` After ```typescript async function createFoo(input: CreateFoo) { const foo = validateFoo(input); return database.transaction(tx => new FooRepository(tx).save(foo)); } ``` ### Unit of Work Pattern - Kind: [pattern](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/pattern.md) - Severity: recommended - Scope: application service, persistence - Aliases: Unit of Work - Layer: [Atomic Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/layer/atomic-boundary.md) Details Requires [Transaction Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/transaction-boundary.md) Reinforces [Atomicity](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/atomicity.md), [Consistency](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/consistency.md) Enables [Coordinated Persistence](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/coordinated-persistence.md) In tension with [Repository Complexity](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/repository-complexity.md) Conflicts with [Scattered Save Calls](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/scattered-save-calls.md) Referenced by [Transaction Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/transaction-boundary.md) Tensions [Unit of Work Pattern Repository Complexity](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/repository-complexity-unit-of-work-pattern.md) Violated by unmanaged partial persistence Detected by multiple independent saves in one use case Measured by save coordination defects Refactored by Introduce Unit of Work Enforced by persistence conventions Before ```typescript await fooRepository.save(foo); await barRepository.save(bar); await eventRepository.save(event); ``` After ```typescript const uow = unitOfWork.begin(); uow.foos.save(foo); uow.bars.save(bar); uow.events.append(event); await uow.commit(); ``` ### Consistency - Kind: [quality-attribute](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/quality-attribute.md) - Severity: mandatory - Scope: data, transaction, distributed system - Layer: [Atomic Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/layer/atomic-boundary.md) Details Requires [Invariants](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/invariants.md), [Validation](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/validation.md) Reinforces [Correctness](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/correctness.md) Enables [Reliable State](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/reliable-state.md) In tension with [Availability](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/availability.md), [Latency](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/latency.md) Conflicts with [Inconsistent Replicas/Models](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/inconsistent-replicas-models.md) Referenced by [Code Review](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/code-review.md), [Reference Architecture](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/reference-architecture.md), [Standardization](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/standardization.md), [Total-Order Broadcast](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/total-order-broadcast.md), [Microservices](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/microservices.md), [Space-Based Architecture](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/space-based-architecture.md), [Invariants](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/invariants.md), [Centralized Configuration](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/centralized-configuration.md), [Decentralization](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/decentralization.md), [Consensus](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/consensus.md), [Do Not Repeat Yourself (DRY)](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/duplicate-code.md), [Scalability](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/scalability.md), [Caching](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/caching.md), [Single Source of Truth](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/single-source-of-truth.md), [Normalization](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/normalization.md), [Governance](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/governance.md), [Failover](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/failover.md), [Atomicity](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/atomicity.md), [ACID](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/acid.md), [Unit of Work Pattern](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/unit-of-work-pattern.md) Tensions [Consistency Availability](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/availability-consistency.md), [Consistency Latency](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/consistency-latency.md) Violated by invariant-breaking writes Detected by data anomalies, failed invariant checks Measured by consistency violation count Refactored by Add Constraints, Add Transaction, Add Reconciliation Enforced by database constraints, invariant tests Before ```typescript foo.total = foo.items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.value, 0); foo.itemCount = externalCount; ``` After ```typescript function rebuildFoo(items: readonly FooItem[]): Foo { return { items, total: sum(items), itemCount: items.length }; } const foo = rebuildFoo(items); ``` ### Isolation - Kind: [constraint](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/constraint.md) - Severity: contextual - Scope: database, transaction, concurrency - Layer: [Atomic Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/layer/atomic-boundary.md) Details Requires [Concurrency Control](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/concurrency-control.md) Reinforces [Correctness](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/correctness.md) Enables [Safe Concurrent Operations](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/safe-concurrent-operations.md) In tension with [Throughput](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/throughput.md) Conflicts with [Dirty Reads/Writes](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/dirty-reads-writes.md) Referenced by [Partitioning](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/partitioning.md), [ACID](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/acid.md), [Concurrency Control](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/concurrency-control.md), [Pessimistic Locking](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/pessimistic-locking.md) Tensions [Isolation Throughput](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/isolation-throughput.md) Violated by race-condition state corruption Detected by concurrency tests, isolation anomalies Measured by anomaly rate, lock contention Refactored by Add Locking, Set Isolation Level Enforced by DB isolation, concurrency tests Before ```typescript const foo = await fooStore.find(id); foo.count += 1; await fooStore.save(foo); ``` After ```typescript await database.transaction({ isolation: "serializable" }, async tx => { const foo = await tx.foos.lock(id); await tx.foos.save({ ...foo, count: foo.count + 1 }); }); ``` ### Concurrency Control - Kind: [mechanism](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/mechanism.md) - Severity: mandatory - Scope: transaction, memory, distributed system - Layer: [Atomic Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/layer/atomic-boundary.md) Details Requires [Shared State Identification](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/shared-state-identification.md) Reinforces [Isolation](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/isolation.md), [Correctness](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/correctness.md) Enables [Safe Parallel Mutation](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/safe-parallel-mutation.md) In tension with [Performance](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/performance.md) Conflicts with [Race Conditions](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/race-conditions.md), [Lost Update](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/lost-update.md) Referenced by [Concurrency](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/concurrency.md), [Isolation](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/isolation.md), [Optimistic Locking](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/optimistic-locking.md) Tensions [Concurrency Control Performance](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/concurrency-control-performance.md) Violated by unsynchronized shared mutation Detected by race detectors, flaky concurrent tests Measured by race count, contention Refactored by Add Locking, Use Immutable State, Add CAS Enforced by thread-safety analysis, [tests](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/tests.md) Before ```typescript const foo = await fooStore.find(id); await fooStore.save({ ...foo, count: foo.count + 1 }); ``` After ```typescript await fooStore.update(id, current => ({ ...current, count: current.count + 1, }), { expectedVersion: foo.version }); ``` ### Optimistic Locking - Kind: [pattern](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/pattern.md) - Severity: contextual - Scope: persistence, transaction - Layer: [Atomic Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/layer/atomic-boundary.md) Details Requires [Version Field](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/version-field.md) Reinforces [Concurrency Control](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/concurrency-control.md) Enables [Conflict Detection](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/conflict-detection.md) In tension with [Retry Complexity](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/retry-complexity.md) Conflicts with [Blind Overwrite](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/blind-overwrite.md) Tensions [Optimistic Locking Retry Complexity](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/optimistic-locking-retry-complexity.md) Violated by [lost update](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/lost-update.md) Detected by updates without version check Measured by conflict/retry rate Refactored by Add Version Column, Add Compare-And-Swap Enforced by repository rules, integration tests Before ```typescript await fooTable.update({ id: foo.id, name: foo.name }); ``` After ```typescript const updated = await fooTable.update({ id: foo.id, expectedVersion: foo.version, next: { ...foo, version: foo.version + 1 }, }); if (!updated) throw new ConflictError(foo.id); ``` ### Pessimistic Locking - Kind: [pattern](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/pattern.md) - Severity: contextual - Scope: persistence, critical section - Layer: [Atomic Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/layer/atomic-boundary.md) Details Requires [Lock Ownership](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/lock-ownership.md) Reinforces [Isolation](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/isolation.md) Enables [Strong Conflict Prevention](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/strong-conflict-prevention.md) In tension with [Deadlocks](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/deadlocks.md), [Latency](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/latency.md), [Lock-Free Throughput](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/lock-free-throughput.md) Conflicts with none Tensions [Pessimistic Locking Deadlocks](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/deadlocks-pessimistic-locking.md), [Pessimistic Locking Latency](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/latency-pessimistic-locking.md), [Pessimistic Locking Lock-Free Throughput](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/lock-free-throughput-pessimistic-locking.md) Violated by missing lock around critical mutation Detected by concurrent update conflicts Measured by lock wait/deadlock rate Refactored by Add Lock, Narrow Lock Scope Enforced by transactional tests Before ```typescript const foo = await fooTable.find(id); await fooTable.save(change(foo)); ``` After ```typescript await database.transaction(async tx => { const foo = await tx.foos.findForUpdate(id); await tx.foos.save(change(foo)); }); ``` ### State Isolation - Kind: [principle](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/principle.md) - Severity: mandatory - Scope: function, component, service - Layer: [Atomic Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/layer/atomic-boundary.md) Details Requires [Encapsulation](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/encapsulation.md), [Ownership](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/ownership.md) Reinforces [Predictability](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/predictability.md), [Concurrency Safety](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/concurrency-safety.md) Enables [Testability](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/testability.md) In tension with [Data Sharing](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/data-sharing.md) Conflicts with [Shared Mutable State](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/shared-mutable-state.md) Tensions [State Isolation Data Sharing](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/data-sharing-state-isolation.md) Violated by [global mutable state](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/global-mutable-state.md) Detected by static mutable fields, shared caches without ownership Measured by global state count Refactored by Encapsulate State, Pass Explicit State, Use Immutable Data Enforced by lint rules, architecture tests Before ```typescript const globalFooState: Foo[] = []; function addFoo(foo: Foo) { globalFooState.push(foo); } ``` After ```typescript class FooSession { #state: Foo[] = []; add(foo: Foo) { this.#state = [...this.#state, foo]; } snapshot() { return [...this.#state]; } } ``` ### Controlled Side Effects - Kind: [principle](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/principle.md) - Severity: recommended - Scope: function, module, boundary - Layer: [Atomic Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/layer/atomic-boundary.md) Details Requires [Effect Boundaries](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/effect-boundaries.md) Reinforces [Predictability](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/predictability.md), [Testability](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/testability.md) Enables [Pure Core / Imperative Shell](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/pure-core-imperative-shell.md) In tension with [Performance Optimization](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/performance-optimization.md) Conflicts with [Hidden Side Effects](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/hidden-side-effects.md), [Action at a Distance](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/action-at-a-distance.md), [Hidden Side Effect](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/hidden-side-effect.md) Tensions [Controlled Side Effects Performance Optimization](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/controlled-side-effects-performance-optimization.md) Violated by mutation/network/persistence hidden in pure-looking code Detected by side effects in domain/pure functions Measured by side-effect boundary violations Refactored by Move Side Effect to Boundary, Return Command/Event Enforced by effect linting, layer rules Before ```typescript function calculateFoo(foo: Foo) { foo.count += 1; fooLog.record(foo); fooDb.save(foo); return foo.count; } ``` After ```typescript function nextFoo(foo: Foo): Foo { return { ...foo, count: foo.count + 1 }; } async function applyFoo(foo: Foo, store: FooStore, log: Log) { const next = nextFoo(foo); log.write(next); await store.save(next); return next; } ``` ### Petri Nets - Kind: [model](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/model.md) - Severity: contextual - Scope: concurrency, workflow, verification - Layer: [Atomic Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/layer/atomic-boundary.md) Details Requires [Places and Transitions](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/places-and-transitions.md) Reinforces [Concurrency Correctness](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/concurrency-correctness.md), [Deadlock Freedom](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/deadlock-freedom.md) Enables [Concurrent-Flow Modeling](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/concurrent-flow-modeling.md), [Reachability and Deadlock Analysis](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/reachability-and-deadlock-analysis.md) In tension with [Modeling Overhead](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/modeling-overhead.md) Conflicts with [Ad-Hoc Lock Ordering](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/ad-hoc-lock-ordering.md) Contracts [Petri Nets](https://banes-lab.com/records/algo/petri-nets.md) Tensions [Petri Nets Modeling Overhead](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/modeling-overhead-petri-nets.md) Violated by concurrent resource flows coordinated by hand-reasoned lock ordering Detected by deadlocks or lost tokens found only at runtime Measured by unreachable or deadlock-prone markings Refactored by Model concurrent flow as a Petri net and analyze reachability Enforced by concurrency model review Before ```typescript acquire(a); acquire(b); work(); release(b); release(a); ``` After ```typescript const net = petriNet({ places: { idle: 1, aHeld: 0, bHeld: 0 }, transitions: [ { name: "takeA", consume: { idle: 1 }, produce: { aHeld: 1 } }, { name: "takeB", consume: { aHeld: 1 }, produce: { bHeld: 1 } }, ], }); assertNoDeadlock(reachableMarkings(net)); ``` ## Links to - [principle](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/principle.md) - [Atomic Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/layer/atomic-boundary.md) - [Idempotency Key or Deterministic Operation](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/idempotency-key-or-deterministic-operation.md) - [Retry Safety](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/retry-safety.md) - [Event-Driven Architecture](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/event-driven-architecture.md) - [Safe Retries](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/safe-retries.md) - [State Tracking](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/state-tracking.md) - [Non-Repeatable Side Effects](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/non-repeatable-side-effects.md) - [Retry Pattern](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/retry-pattern.md) - [Eventual Consistency](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/eventual-consistency.md) - [Saga Pattern](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/saga-pattern.md) - [Canonicalization](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/canonicalization.md) - [Idempotency / State Tracking](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/idempotency-state-tracking.md) - [Transaction Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/transaction-boundary.md) - [Consistency](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/consistency.md) - [Correctness](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/correctness.md) - [All-or-Nothing State Change](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/all-or-nothing-state-change.md) - [Distributed Scalability](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/distributed-scalability.md) - [Partial Commit](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/partial-commit.md) - [ACID](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/acid.md) - [Unit of Work Pattern](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/unit-of-work-pattern.md) - [Atomicity / Distributed Scalability](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/atomicity-distributed-scalability.md) - [model](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/model.md) - [Atomicity](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/atomicity.md) - [Isolation](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/isolation.md) - [Durability](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/durability.md) - [Strong Transactional Guarantees](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/strong-transactional-guarantees.md) - [Distributed Availability](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/distributed-availability.md) - [BASE/Eventual Consistency](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/base-eventual-consistency.md) - [ACID / Distributed Availability](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/acid-distributed-availability.md) - [ACID / BASE/Eventual Consistency](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/acid-base-eventual-consistency.md) - [constraint](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/constraint.md) - [Consistency Rules](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/consistency-rules.md) - [Safe State Mutation](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/safe-state-mutation.md) - [Large Transaction Scope](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/large-transaction-scope.md) - [Hidden Distributed Transaction](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/hidden-distributed-transaction.md) - [Transaction Boundary](https://banes-lab.com/records/algo/transaction-boundary.md) - [Transaction Boundary / Large Transaction Scope](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/large-transaction-scope-transaction-boundary.md) - [pattern](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/pattern.md) - [Coordinated Persistence](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/coordinated-persistence.md) - [Repository Complexity](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/repository-complexity.md) - [Scattered Save Calls](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/scattered-save-calls.md) - [Unit of Work Pattern / Repository Complexity](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/repository-complexity-unit-of-work-pattern.md) - [quality-attribute](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/quality-attribute.md) - [Invariants](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/invariants.md) - [Validation](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/validation.md) - [Reliable State](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/reliable-state.md) - [Availability](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/availability.md) - [Latency](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/latency.md) - [Inconsistent Replicas/Models](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/inconsistent-replicas-models.md) - [Code Review](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/code-review.md) - [Reference Architecture](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/reference-architecture.md) - [Standardization](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/standardization.md) - [Total-Order Broadcast](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/total-order-broadcast.md) - [Microservices](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/microservices.md) - [Space-Based Architecture](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/space-based-architecture.md) - [Centralized Configuration](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/centralized-configuration.md) - [Decentralization](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/decentralization.md) - [Consensus](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/consensus.md) - [Do Not Repeat Yourself (DRY)](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/duplicate-code.md) - [Scalability](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/scalability.md) - [Caching](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/caching.md) - [Single Source of Truth](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/single-source-of-truth.md) - [Normalization](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/normalization.md) - [Governance](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/governance.md) - [Failover](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/failover.md) - [Consistency / Availability](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/availability-consistency.md) - [Consistency / Latency](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/consistency-latency.md) - [Concurrency Control](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/concurrency-control.md) - [Safe Concurrent Operations](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/safe-concurrent-operations.md) - [Throughput](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/throughput.md) - [Dirty Reads/Writes](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/dirty-reads-writes.md) - [Partitioning](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/partitioning.md) - [Pessimistic Locking](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/pessimistic-locking.md) - [Isolation / Throughput](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/isolation-throughput.md) - [mechanism](https://banes-lab.com/records/kind/mechanism.md) - [Shared State Identification](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/shared-state-identification.md) - [Safe Parallel Mutation](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/safe-parallel-mutation.md) - [Performance](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/performance.md) - [Race Conditions](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/race-conditions.md) - [Lost Update](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/lost-update.md) - [Concurrency](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/concurrency.md) - [Optimistic Locking](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/optimistic-locking.md) - [Concurrency Control / Performance](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/concurrency-control-performance.md) - [Tests](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/tests.md) - [Version Field](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/version-field.md) - [Conflict Detection](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/conflict-detection.md) - [Retry Complexity](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/retry-complexity.md) - [Blind Overwrite](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/blind-overwrite.md) - [Optimistic Locking / Retry Complexity](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/optimistic-locking-retry-complexity.md) - [Lock Ownership](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/lock-ownership.md) - [Strong Conflict Prevention](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/strong-conflict-prevention.md) - [Deadlocks](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/deadlocks.md) - [Lock-Free Throughput](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/lock-free-throughput.md) - [Pessimistic Locking / Deadlocks](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/deadlocks-pessimistic-locking.md) - [Pessimistic Locking / Latency](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/latency-pessimistic-locking.md) - [Pessimistic Locking / Lock-Free Throughput](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/lock-free-throughput-pessimistic-locking.md) - [Encapsulation](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/encapsulation.md) - [Ownership](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/ownership.md) - [Predictability](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/predictability.md) - [Concurrency Safety](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/concurrency-safety.md) - [Testability](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/testability.md) - [Data Sharing](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/data-sharing.md) - [Shared Mutable State](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/shared-mutable-state.md) - [State Isolation / Data Sharing](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/data-sharing-state-isolation.md) - [Global Mutable State](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/global-mutable-state.md) - [Effect Boundaries](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/effect-boundaries.md) - [Pure Core / Imperative Shell](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/pure-core-imperative-shell.md) - [Performance Optimization](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/performance-optimization.md) - [Hidden Side Effects](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/hidden-side-effects.md) - [Action at a Distance](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/action-at-a-distance.md) - [Hidden Side Effect](https://banes-lab.com/records/arch/hidden-side-effect.md) - [Controlled Side Effects / Performance Optimization](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/controlled-side-effects-performance-optimization.md) - [Places and Transitions](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/places-and-transitions.md) - [Concurrency Correctness](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/concurrency-correctness.md) - [Deadlock Freedom](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/deadlock-freedom.md) - [Concurrent-Flow Modeling](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/concurrent-flow-modeling.md) - [Reachability and Deadlock Analysis](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/reachability-and-deadlock-analysis.md) - [Modeling Overhead](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/modeling-overhead.md) - [Ad-Hoc Lock Ordering](https://banes-lab.com/records/lex/ad-hoc-lock-ordering.md) - [Petri Nets](https://banes-lab.com/records/algo/petri-nets.md) - [Petri Nets / Modeling Overhead](https://banes-lab.com/records/tension/modeling-overhead-petri-nets.md) ## Linked from - [The layer topology](https://banes-lab.com/ontology/schema/the-layer-topology.md) - [The membership](https://banes-lab.com/ontology/schema/the-membership.md)